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Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby
Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby (23 April 1861 – 14 May 1936) was an English soldier and British Imperial Governor. He fought in the Second Boer War and also in World War I, in which he led the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the conquest of Palestine capturing Beersheba, Jaffa, and Jerusalem from October to December 1917. His forces occupied the Jordan Valley during the summer 1918, then went on to capture northern Palestine and defeat Yildirim Army Group's Eighth Army at the Battle of Megiddo, forcing the Fourth and Seventh Army to retreat towards Damascus. Subsequently, the EEF Pursuit by Desert Mounted Corps captured Damascus and advanced into northern Syria. During this pursuit, he commanded T. E. Lawrence (''"Lawrence of Arabia"''), whose campaign with Faisal's Arab Sherifial Forces assisted the EEF's capture of Ottoman Empire territory and fought the Battle of Aleppo, five days before the Armistice of Mudros ended the campaign on 30 October 1918. He continued to serve in the region as High Commissioner for Egypt and the Sudan from 1919 until 1925.
==Early years and active service==
Allenby was born the son of Hynman Allenby and Catherine Anne Allenby (née Cane) and was educated at Haileybury College.〔Heathcote, p. 19〕 He had no great desire to be a soldier, and tried to enter the Indian Civil Service but failed the entry exam.〔 He sat the exam for the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1880, was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons on 10 May 1882, and joined his regiment in South Africa later that year.〔Heathcote, p. 20〕 After serving at the cavalry depot in Canterbury, he was promoted to captain on 10 January 1888 and then returned to South Africa.〔
Allenby returned to Britain in 1890 and he sat – and failed – the entry exam for the Staff College in Camberley. Not deterred, he sat the exam again the next year and passed. Captain Douglas Haig of the 7th Hussars also entered the Staff College at the same time, thus beginning a rivalry between the two that ran until the First World War.〔 Allenby was more popular with fellow officers, even being made ''Master of the Draghounds'' in preference to Haig who was the better rider; Allenby had already developed a passion for polo.〔 Their contemporary James Edmonds later claimed that the staff at Staff College thought Allenby dull and stupid but were impressed by a speech that he gave to the Farmers' Dinner, which had in fact been written for him by Edmonds and another.〔Reid 2006, p69〕
He was promoted to major on 19 May 1897 and was posted to the 3rd Cavalry Brigade, then serving in Ireland, as the Brigade-Major in March 1898.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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